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High caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with several outcomes, particularly concerning fetal growth and development. Research indicates that excessive intake of caffeine can lead to a decrease in birth weight. This effect is attributed to caffeine's ability to cross the placenta and its potential to interfere with fetal growth, as well as the possibility that it can reduce placental blood flow or alter maternal metabolism.

Understanding the implications of caffeine consumption is crucial for pregnant individuals, as lower birth weight can be associated with a range of health issues for the infant, including respiratory complications and increased risk for developmental problems. This correlation prompts health professionals to advise pregnant individuals to monitor and possibly limit caffeine intake to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.

The reasons the other options are less accurate include the notion that caffeine consumption does not cause congenital disabilities, as research has not consistently established such a direct link. Saying it has no correlation with birth weight overlooks significant findings in studies that do show an association. Additionally, claiming that caffeine is completely safe during all trimesters contradicts recommendations often made by healthcare providers concerning its moderation, particularly in the first trimester when fetal development is critical.